Rough carnelian, also spelled cornelian, is a variety of chalcedony, which is itself a type of microcrystalline quartz. It is known for its warm, reddish-orange to brownish-red coloration, often with translucent to opaque qualities.
Rough carnelian specimens can vary in size and shape, ranging from small, tumbled pieces to larger, irregular chunks. They are typically found in sedimentary rock formations, such as limestone or shale, and are often associated with volcanic activity.
Carnelian has been used for centuries in jewelry and ornamental objects due to its attractive color and relative hardness. In ancient times, it was prized for its supposed metaphysical properties, believed to enhance courage, vitality, and creativity. It was also used in ancient Egypt to create seals and amulets.
In addition to its historical and cultural significance, rough carnelian specimens continue to be valued by lapidarists and collectors for their potential to be cut and polished into cabochons, beads, or other decorative items. The rich, warm tones of carnelian make it a popular choice for jewelry and decorative pieces, and its natural beauty is often enhanced through various lapidary techniques.
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